class: nopagenum, center <br><br><br> # hockeystick # Visualizing Global Heating With R <br><br> ## Hernando Cortina ## R in Finance Conference ## Chicago, 19 May 2023 --- class: nopagenum background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#https://github.com/cortinah/hockeystick/blob/main/man/figures/logo.png?raw=true) --- # hockeystick R Package - The impact of global heating on markets is an active research topic - Central Banks and regulators: ECB, FRB, BIS are studying policy and regulation - The EU has specific regulation on Paris-Aligned Benchmarks and funds - There are multitudes of climate-oriented active and passive funds .footnote[ Opinions are my own and may not reflect those of my employer. ] -- <br /> - **The Challenge**: most finance practitioners are not climate experts - However, we like to look at data -- but which climate data? - The volume of climate research and data on the web is vast and complex -- <br /> - `hockeystick` makes essential climate data easily available in R to non-climate experts --- # Install hockeystick Install the **hockeystick** package from CRAN or [Github](https://github.com/cortinah/hockeystick): ```r install.packages("hockeystick") ``` ```r remotes::install_github("cortinah/hockeystick") ``` ```r library(hockeystick) ``` -- ### Features: - Simple API to curated climate data - Fetches latest data from original source - Pre-defined plots - Optional caching - Very easy to use --- class: top ## A Brief and Incomplete History of Climate Science -- <br /> - 1856: Eunice Foote published a scientific paper demonstrating the absorption of heat by CO₂. -- - 1896: Svante Arrhenius predicted that more carbon in the atmosphere would lead to global warming. -- - 1960: Charles Keeling demonstrated that the level of CO₂ in the atmosphere was rising. -- - 1979 World Climate Conference: plausible that increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can contribute to a gradual warming. -- - 1988: Jim Hansen assessed human-caused warming had already measurably affected the climate. -- - 2020: `hockeystick` published on CRAN. 😄 --- class: bottom background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Eunice_Foote_-_%22Circumstances_Affecting_the_Heat_of_the_Sun%27s_Rays%22_%281856%29.png/1920px-Eunice_Foote_-_%22Circumstances_Affecting_the_Heat_of_the_Sun%27s_Rays%22_%281856%29.png) background-size: 650px background-position: 50% 20% "Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays" by Eunice Foote --- class: bottom background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg) background-size: 450px background-position: 50% 20% Svante Arrhenius --- class: bottom background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/19021015_Hint_to_Coal_Consumers_-_Svante_Arrhenius_-_The_Selma_Morning_Times_-_Global_warming.jpg/2560px-19021015_Hint_to_Coal_Consumers_-_Svante_Arrhenius_-_The_Selma_Morning_Times_-_Global_warming.jpg) background-size: 600px background-positio: 30% 10% Early Warning on Climate Change, 1902 --- class: bottom background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg/1445px-19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg?20220809225210) background-size: 600px background-positio: 30% 10% Prescient Warning from 1912, Based on Popular Mechanics article --- class: middle, center # Let's Get to the Code! --- class: left ### Carbon Concentration in the Atmosphere, Mauna Loa, Since 1958 .small-code[ ```r co2 <- get_carbon() plot_carbon(co2) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/carbon-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Global Annual CO₂ Emissions: .small-code[ ```r emissions <- get_emissions() plot_emissions(emissions) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/emissions-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Visualize Cumulative Emissions by Country: .small-code[ ```r emissions_map(emissions) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/emissionsm-1.png" width="72%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Global Temperature Anomaly .small-code[ ```r anomaly <- get_temp() plot_temp(anomaly) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/temp-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Warming Stripes Visualization .small-code[ ```r warming_stripes() ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/sripes-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Common Era Temperatures .small-code[ ```r anomaly2k <- get_temp2k() plot_temp2k(anomaly2k) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/ce-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Sea Level Rising .small-code[ ```r gmsl <- get_sealevel() plot_sealevel(gmsl) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/sl-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Shrinking Arctic Ice .small-code[ ```r arcticice <- get_icecurves() plot_icecurves(arcticice) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/ice-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Increasing Hurricane Activity .small-code[ ```r hurricanes <- get_hurricanes() plot_hurricanes(hurricanes) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/hurricanes-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: left ### Methane Traps 80x As Much Heat as CO₂ Over 20 Years .small-code[ ```r ch4 <- get_methane() plot_methane(ch4) ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#rfinance_talk_files/figure-html/methane-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- # hockeystick Summary - Easy to use access to peer-reviewed climate data - Returns data frames or pre-defined plots - Plenty of customization options - Please open issues or submit PRs via github - Collaborators very welcome ## https://github.com/cortinah/hockeystick # Thank you!